goggin



D. E. GOGGIN VRNISH `RIRE Aug; 16, 1927.

Filed Jan .124, 1927 INI/ENTOR'.

lll

`ted Ang. 16, 1927.

stares DAVID E. GOGGIN, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

vARNisii' FIB-E.

Application led January 24, 1927. Serial No. 162,955.

|This invention relates to apparatus used by varnish makers to heati'iarnish kettles, and generally known to the trade as fires. It is thepractice in the making of varnish to subject such varnish to prolongedboiling and refining process. This process is carried ont in rela-tivelylarge wheeedv :etn tles which are adapted to be moved into and L ut ofcooperation with a suitable heating apparatus. the heat from which isimparted to the kettle for the purpose of boilthe varnish therein.

Originally these lires consisted in an ordinary coke or charcoaliirevleneath the varnish kettle. More recentiv oil and have been used assource of heat. The oil or is burned in the form of a flame and theseflames, which find their origin in a pit beneath the kettle lap upwardlyout of the top of the pit and iinpinge the bottom of the rettle.

in the boiling` of varnish, heavy highly combustible fumes are givenoff. These fumes and vapo-r overflow'the top of trie rettile and descendalong the sides thereof. TVWhen such combustible fumes come into contactwith an open flame, a'iire is apt to result and such lires are commonvin varnish works. Y

lt has long` been recognized that an open flame around a varnish kettlewas dangerous and varnish manufactories rave invariably beenconstructed, so that in the event of such fire, which not infrequentlyoccurs, no serious damage would be done, other than the spoiling of thebath of varnish contiguous to which the fire occurred.

i'il of the Vforego-ing facts have been recogni .el the art. There hasnever, heretofore, been ay construction suggested or conceived whichwill economically effect the heating of varnish kettles without anincident open flame. True, grids and perfoi-ated plates have been placedover the fire and beneath the kettle, but my experience has shown thatthese grids` and plates do not hold back the flame, which, to effectcomplete combustion generally burn above said grids or plates.

in the present invention, I have departed from the prior practice andinstead of depending upon an open flame to heat the ket".

heat, evolved from a heating element of highly refractory materialadapted, in turn, to be heated by the impingement of flames tle, Iemploy, in contradistinction, radiant thereon. ln other words, the fireof this inw rention embodies a refractory heating elc- 'ment againstwhich al flame is directed to the element to a relatively high teinture,generally to a white heat, and this eleiL ent becomes a substantiallyincandescent heating velement from which the heat to boil the varnish isderived. By thus heating the kettle, I'eliminate the presence of an openflame and render the construction much safer than heretofore.

ln practically carrying out the invention, the cons friction preferablyembodies a substantially cylindrical pit, positionedv below the floorlevel. Extending radially fioin one. side of the pit and near the bottomthereof flame passage through which the llame, propagated from anysuitable source, e. g., a is or oil injector, is forced into the pit.Supported coa'Xially of the pit and near the upper edge thereof is aslab or plate of refractory material. In practice, this slab may be4conveniently supported on refractory; piers from the bottom of the pit.The slab is positioned slightly below the ,top of the pit and is ofsomewhat less diameter than the diameter of the pit- Directly above andbelow the slab, inwardly extending annular flanges are formed and theseflanges are of sufficient width to extend well in over and under theslab inv spaced relation to the`upper and lower faces of the slab.Y As aresult of this construction, flame entering the pit through the flamepassage swirls about in the base of the pit and is directed upwardlvagainst the bottom of the slab, the lower flange serving as a baffle toinsure that the flame impinges on the slab and does not pass about theouter edge of said slab.

To further preclude the passage of the flame. around the margin of theslab and out through the top of the pit, the upper flange is providedand said upper and lower flanges co-operate with the slab to providesuch a circuitous passage for the llame that conibiistion is completedwithin the pit and no flames exit from the top thereof. By directing theflame against the slab of refractory material, it is caused to attainhigh temperature and hea accessible in the event that repairs are neces-Y gives off its radiant heat in an upward direction and through the topof the f practical embodiment of the invention, but

the construction therein shown, is to be understood as illustrative,only, and not as dening the limits of the inventio-n.

Figure l is a perspective view showing the ire this invention, certainparts being shown in section in the interest of clearness; and,

Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section through the construction ofFigure l.

n the drawings, l designates the pit, which may be of any suitablecontour, but is preferably circular as shown. Near its base is aradially outwardly extending flame passage Q urovided at its end with anopening S3 with which an oil or gas injector l is associated. rthe pitisset into the ground or floor of the treating room of the varnish worksand is built in permanently. 5 designates the licor level.

The pit and flame passage are constructed from highly refractorymaterial. llirebrick may be used for this purpose, but l preferablyemploy slabs of carborundum and preferably provide the sides of the pitand passage, as well as the top wall of the passage with suitable heatinsulation (3, as shown.

Positioned within the pit is a slab 7. This circular and is ofrefractory material, z ily carborundum. It is of slightly diameter thanthe diameter' of the pit, a nd is supported on a plurality of piers 8 aposition slightly below the tioor level The piers 8 may to advantage bealso of carborundum. Directly above and below the slau T, and in spacedrelation thereto, lianges 9 and l() extend in an inward radia directionfrom the 'ide wall of the pit. 'these tai'iges si ciently wide toappreciably overlap the ou ter margin of the slab, so as to form acircuitous passage from the base of the pit about the inner edges of theAflanges and the outer periphery of the slab to the open top of the pit.The purpose of the flanges t) and it is to provide this circuitouspassage and to serve as battles to preclude the eXt of llame from thetop of the pit and to force said tlaine to impinge upon the slab 7.

lllhen the burner or injector is functioning, a tiauie projected th oughthe 'llame pavage 2 into the base of the pit, where it 'l' 1 about andupwardly to directly imupon the under side of the slab 7, as she wn thearrows in Figure Q. Sufficient ai is allowed to enter through theopening 3 by means of the injector or injector action, or otherwise, toaccomplish complete combustion of the fuel, so that by the time thellame has impinged the slab 7 and been directed downwardly against theflange l0, and laterally against the side wall of the pit of said lange,combustion 'will be complete. lt therefore follows that no flame willpass through the open top of the pit for if the flame is not entirelyspent by the time it strfkes the side wall of the pit, it will again bedeflected by the flange 9.

My experience has shown that a structure such as described will sofunction as to cau'e the slab 7 to assume a substantially incandescentstate while no flame exits through the open top of the pit. The intenseheat absorbed by the slab is given oil, in the form of radiant heat, inan upward direct-ion and passes .out through the open top of the pit todirectly impinge upon the varnish kettle which is positioned above thepit.

lt therefore follows that there is no open laine incident to theoperation of the tire ci' this invention, and the waste products ofcombustion passing through the open top of the pit will eiiiciently andeifectually keep rapors or fumes which overflow from the kettle fromentering the pit and igniting therein.

The structure of this invention is absolutely safe and constitutes apronounced step in advance over prior devices used in the boiling ofvarnish. n

The air to support combustion may be fed to the injector or burner l inany suitable manner. l find it hic-lily economical, howeverr` to feedheated air to the burner 0r injector in order that the air fed theretowill not tend to cool oli' the structure after passing into the same. ltis highly practical and economical to employ the heat deflected by theflame to preheat the air prior to feeding it to the injector. rlhus, inFigure 2, l have shown a coil of pipe l2 embedded in the instilationabout the flame passage and pit. Air is fed into the free end of thepipe, preferably under pressure, and is circulated about through thepipe l2 and becomes highly heated. before it is fed to the injector 4t.The air duct is shown in the form of a pipe, but it is within thepurview of this invention to interpose a layer of firebrick or otherrefractory material between the insulation and the lining of theapparatus, and to form within this lirebrick a duct through which airmay be fed in substantially the same manner as l have referred to. lt isfound, in practice, that. the heat generated within the llame chamberand pit is so intense as to efficiently und economically heat the air inthe manner described.

rthe structure of this invention is particularly intended for use in themanufacture tf varnish. l am, aware, however, that the structuredescribed and claimed may be to advantage in the boiling of oils,resins, gums, etc., used in industries other than the varnish industryandl do notthere- 'riet the :inventionjto the particular usehereinbefore specified.

The for i detailed description sets forth the invention in its preferredpractical form, but the invention is to be understood as commensuratewith the appended claims.

lla Ying. thus fully described the invention, what l claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. varnish treatii'ig lire embodying an in'iperforate slab of refractorymaterial, and means for directing a flame against said slab and entirelyaround the same for the purpose of heating the same to a substantiallyincandescent state, whereby the slab is ada-pted to radiate radiant heatfor the purpose of heating a varnish kettle.

2. A varnish treating lire embodying a pit, a slab of refractorymaterial positioned adjacent but below the top thereof and entirely outof contact with the walls of said pit, means for producing a flamewithin the pit below the slab, and baffles extending inwardly from theside of the pit to preclude the passage of the flame upwf dly about theouter periphery of the slab and to cause said flame to impinge the lowerface of said slab for 'the 'purpose of heating the same, where.

by said slab is adapted to radiate'heat thus imparted to it to a varnishkettle positioned above the pit.

B. A varnish treating fire embodying a pit, a slab of refractorymaterial positioned adjacent but below the top thereof and entirely outof contact with the walls of said pit, means for supporting said slabfrom the bottom of the pit, means for producing a flame wit iin the pitbelow the slab, and baffles extending inwardly from the side of the pitto preclude the passage of the llame' upwardly about the outer peripheryof the lab and to cause said flame to impinge the @wer said slab for thepurpose of ieating the same, whereby said slab is adapted to radiateheat thus imparted to it to a varnish kettle positioned above the pit.

4. varnish treating fire embodying a pit, a slab of refractory materialpositioned adjacent but below the top thereof, a plurality of re ractorypillars bearing on the bottom of the pit and supporting said slab in thedesired position, means for producing a. llame within the pit below theslab, and aflles extending inwardly from the side of the pit to precludethe passage of the flame upwardly about the outer periphery of the sl aband to cause said flame to impinge the lower face of said slab for thepurpose of hea g the same, whereby said slab is adapted to radiate heatthus imparted to it to avarnish kettle positioned above the pit.

5. In ay re for treating varnish, a pit of refractory material providednear its base with a laterally extending flame passage of refractorymaterial, means associated with the llame .passage for directing aflame' through the passage into the pit, a slab of refractory materialsupported in and positioned below the top of the pit and above the flamepassage and entirely out of Contact with the walls of said pit, andrefractory flanges extending'inwardly from the sides of the pit inspaced relation thereto, and above and below the slab, and respectivelyoverlying and underlying the margins of said slab to provide with theslab a circuitous pas from the bottom to t-he top of the pit, wherebyflame from the flame passage is required to impinge the slab for thepurpose of heating the same.

6. In a lire for treating varnish, a substantially circular pit ofrefractory material. provided near its base with an outwardly radiallyextending llame passage of refractory material, means associated withsaid 'passage for directing the llame through the passage and into thepit, a circular slab of refractory material positioned below the top ofthe pitand above the top of the flame passage in coaxial relation withsaid pit and Y spaced from the side walls of the pit, means forsupporting said slab in position, and annular flanges of refractorymaterial extending inwardly from the side wall of the pit in spacedrelation to and above and below the slab and overlying and underlying,respectively, the outer periphery of the slab,

7. In a fire for treating varnish, a substantially circular pit ofrefractory material provided near its base with an outwardly radiallyextending llame passage of refractory material, means associated withsaid passage for directing the flame through the passage and int-o thepit, a circular slab of refractory material positioned below the top ofthe pit and above the top of the flame passage in coaxial relation withsaid pit and spaced from the side walls of the pit, pillars extendingupwardly from the bot-tom of the pit and supporting said slab inposition, and annular flanges of refractory material extending inwardlyfrom the side wall of the pit in spaced relation to and above and belowthe slab and overlying and underlying, respectively, the outer peripheryof the slab.

8. Ina fire for treating varnish, a substantiallyv circular pit ofrefractory material provided near its base with an outwardly radiallyextending flame passage of refractory material, means associated withsaid passage for directing the flame through the passage and into thepit, a circular slab of refractory material positioned below the top ofthe pit and above the top of the flame passage in coaxial relation withsaid pit and lill;

extending upwardly from the bottom of the pit and supporting said slabin position, annular flanges of refractory material extending inwardlyfrom the side wall of the'pit in spaced relation to and above and belowthe slab and overlying and underlying, respectively1 the outer peripheryof the slab7 and insulation positioned eXteriorly of the side walls ofthe pit and flame passage and the top wall of the flame passage.

In testimony whereof I have signed the foregoing specication.

DAVID E. GOGGIN.

